Windows 10 Reveled

Windows 10 Reveled


Microsoft’s last version of Windows is finally here: Windows 10 is arguably the best version of the ubiquitous operating system. But the question is, should you upgrade for free immediately? Or will it be another Windows 8 moment?
Windows 10 is a big step towards the Microsoft classic becoming an always-connected operating system for every device, not just PCs, which is continuously updated for free. It’ll run traditional desktop Windows apps, like Windows 7. But it will also run new “universal” apps downloaded from the Windows Store, which Microsoft hopes will become a trusted source of traditional Windows desktop programs as well.

Windows 10 on almost every device

“Universal” is the key word for Microsoft’s ambitions. Windows 10 will run on everything from smartphones to giant servers, via tablets, convertibles, laptops, all-in-ones, desktop PCs and Surface Hubs with 84in screens. Universal apps will run on all Windows 10 devices and the Xbox One games console, removing the pain of learning different user interfaces for numerous incompatible devices, and making it simpler to share things between them.
Obviously, this will depend on how widely adopted Windows 10 becomes. Microsoft hopes to attract a billion users in three years by offering free upgrades to Windows 10 for devices running Windows 7, 8 and 8.1. That’s also why it’s a bit of a hybrid, skewed to appeal to the majority of Windows 7 users, while retaining a tablet mode familiar to Windows 8 users.
Installation should take 20 to 90 minutes, depends on your hardware.

The Start menu is back, baby


The new smart menu

The new smart menu for Windows 10.
The Start menu is Windows 10’s most obvious feature and it will please Windows 7 users. It combines a list of programs similar to Windows 7 with one or two panels of live tiles pulled from Windows 8. Selecting “all programs” shows them in alphabetical order, but the search box familiar to users of Vista and Windows 7 has been moved to the taskbar, where it is more obviously accessible.
You can run your traditional desktop programs from either side of the Start menu, from the taskbar, or from XP-style icons on the desktop. If you really don’t want to change the way you work, Windows 10 won’t force you.

Windows 10 Weather App

Windows 10’s Weather App. 
Microsoft’s pre-installed apps are improved over Windows 8 versions, particularly Mail and Calendar, Microsoft Photos and the PowerShell command system for power users. Windows Media Center, games and gadgets from Windows 7 are gone, but Windows Media Player is still there. Free replacements for missing apps are available in the Windows Store.

The Powershell command system
The Powershell command system. 

Highlights

Windows 10 also offers some new features to encourage upgrades. The main one is Cortana, the personal assistant already familiar to Windows Phone users, but there are others.
  • Windows Hello is a new sign-on system, which includes face recognition if you have an Intel RealSense-compatible camera.
  • Action Center replaces the loathed Charms bar from Windows 8. It provides notifications and quick access to common settings.
  • Task View provides an Apple exposé-style view of all running programs at once, though Alt-Tab still works.
  • Multiple virtual desktops are included as standard.
  • Groove is a new music app/service that replaces Xbox Music. It can import and play your Google Play and iTunes music libraries.
  • Continuum switches between desktop and tablet modes, and will enable future Windows 10 smartphones to work like desktop PCs.
Microsoft’s DirectX 12 is a huge advance, delivering “a massive improvement in performance on the same hardware” (according to AMD). There’s even a built-in DVR to record your gameplay.
Finally, there’s Edge , the new, lightweight, standards-oriented browser developed as Project Spartan. Its “show off” feature is that you can write or type annotations onto web pages and email them to people. Edge isn’t finished – it still doesn’t support extensions, for example – but it works very well. And it’s fast.

Cortana loaded


Cortana  
Windows 10 digital assistant Cortana. Photograph: Jack Schofield for the Guardian
The most Star Trek-like feature is Cortana, a digital assistant that competes with Apple’s Siri and Google Now, who can remember interests such as TV shows and sports teams, as well as previous questions. (Ask Cortana what she thinks of Siri and she says: “I think it’s great that we have Bing in common.”)


x-box games apps

The X-box games app. 
I couldn’t get voice to work on a Surface Pro 3 running the latest version of Windows 10. Cortana is much less fun if you have to type your questions, and if you do, she will only type her replies not talk to you.

Verdict

Windows 10 works well, and didn’t break any of my older Windows software. The launch is just the start. Microsoft intends to continuously upgrade it over time, which the user has no choice about as you can’t turn updates off without becoming unsupported. There is a Microsoft tool to hide or block unwanted driver updates, however.
Should consumers take the free upgrade? If you use Windows 8 without a touch screen or you’re a gamer, it’s a no-brainer: get it as soon as you can, but back up first of course.
If you use Windows 8 on a tablet with no mouse and keyboard, Windows 10 is optional.
If you only use Windows 7, you will have some relearning to do, but the Get Started app provides a gentle introduction. You can put it off for four-to-12 months, when the free upgrade offer ends, or until 2020, when Windows 7 becomes unsupported.”
Windows 10 is a significant upgrade and the extras are worth a try, especially if you can talk to Cortana. That’s probably not what I would have said three months ago, but using the final build has changed my mind.

Pros: Smaller, lighter and faster than previous versions, works better with a mouse and keyboard, Cortana, “In place” upgrades should be painless, free upgrade

Cons: Requires some relearning, some new features require new hardware, somewhat stark
appearance won’t appeal to everyone, may break some very old applications


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Eagle to Gerber format

Converting Eagle printed circuit board layout files to Gerber format





File this under "things-I-should-have-learnt-to-do-many-years-ago-but-was-too-lazy-to-bother".

Many pcb fab outfits that do business with hobbyists and DIYers choose to accept Eagle .brd files, which means they do the conversion to Gerber output so you don't have to. I've relied on that for far too long, but when an error showed up in one the .pdf proofs on the last batch of boards I sent out for fabrication, they asked me to send the Gerber files instead. So I bit the bullet and after a couple of false starts managed to give them what they wanted. Looking back at it, it was easy and something I should have learnt, as I wrote up above, years ago, but, for posterity, here's how it's done:

Eagle 6.1~6.5 on Windows

  1. Make a working folder for the Gerber files.
  2. Copy the Eagle board (.brd) file to this directory.
  3. Open Eagle (version 6.1)
  4. Select menu item "file/open/CAM job"
  5. The open file dialog appears, defaulting to the Eagle CAM directory. Open the file called "gerber.cam". The CAM Processor window now appears
  6. From the CAM Processor windows select menu item "file/open/board" and open the .brd file you copied to the directory in step 2.
  7. Click on the "Process Job" button. There is a short progress bar, maybe a warning about having more than one signal active.
  8. A bunch of 8 new files are created in the working folder. As prompted, you should delete the temp file which ends in .$$$
  9. OK, almost done. You still need to make the drill files. From the CAM Processor window, choose "file/open/job" and select "excellon.cam"
  10. Click on the Process Job button again, and 2 new files are created, .dri and .drd
  11. Delete, if you like, the original Eagle .brd file from the working folder. You should be left with 9 files (.cmp .drd .dri .gpi .plc .sol .stc .sts and .whl) Select them, and, on Windows at least, choose to add to a zip compressed archive.
  12. That's it, you're done. The archive is ready to be sent off to the board manufacturer.

Update for Eagle 7.2
  1. Make a working folder for the Gerber files.
  2. Copy the Eagle board (.brd) file to this directory.
  3. Open Eagle (version 7.2)
  4. Select menu item "file/CAM processor
  5. The 3 CAM processor window opens, choose file/open/job. Open the file called "gerber.cam".
  6. From the CAM Processor windows select menu item "file/open/board" and open the .brd file you copied to the directory in step 2.
  7. Click on the "Process Job" button. There is a short progress bar, maybe a warning about having more than one signal active.
  8. A bunch of 8 new files are created in the working folder. As prompted, you should delete the temp file which ends in .$$$
  9. OK, almost done. You still need to make the drill files. From the CAM Processor window, choose "file/open/job" and select "excellon.cam"
  10. Click on the Process Job button again, and 2 new files are created, .dri and .drd
  11. Delete, if you like, the original Eagle .brd file from the working folder. You should be left with 9 files (.cmp .drd .dri .gpi .plc .sol .stc .sts and .whl) Select them, and, on Windows at least, choose to add to a zip compressed archive.
  12. That's it, you're done. The archive is ready to be sent off to the board manufacturer.
For More Details Visit The Page... Continue 


note: selecting job "Gerber274" seems to give the same result as "Gerber"


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App-Guard


Safely use Facebook, open documents and media files from friends (or hackers), insert any USB thumbdrive, click on Email attachments, or visit any website. If anything should be malicious, AppGuard blocks it, without relying on virus definitions, error prone heuristics, or confusing user-prompts. Install AppGuard on a PC with or without Anti-Virus/spyware. AppGuard can triple your protection from your anti-virus/spyware alone, which only blocks about 20% of malware code less than a week old. Botnets alter their malware code at least every 10 minutes, and retire each variant within 48 hours, so that the PDF or video you think came from a friend cannot be identified by your anti-virus/spyware.

What's new in this version: MemoryGuard blocks inter-process code injection attacks, MBRGuard blocks master boot record attacks, including rootkits, InstallGuard prevents unauthorized software installations, Parental Controls that override kids with local admin rights, a re-engineered graphic user interface.
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